Piston for internal-combustion engines



Oct. 23, 1951 H, HALL 2,572,260

PISTON FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 29, 1950 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 FIG.!

HARRY HALL IN V EN TOR- Oct. 23, 1951 H. HALL 2,572,260

PISTON FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 29, 1950 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 HARRY HALL.

INVENTOR. BY I Patented Oct. 23, 1951 PISTON FOR INTERNAL- COMBUS TION ENGINES Harry Hall, Buffalo, N. Y., ton Pump and, Machine son, N. J., a corporation assignor. to Worthingry Corporation, Harri-- of Delaware,

AppIicationJimeZiL 1950 Serial No. 171 ,027 5: claims. (01. 12 s. 4.1.3s1 t This invention relates to pistons for internal combustion engines and the primary object of the invention is to provide a piston structure which will provide. thorough and efilcien-t cooling of the piston during operation of the. engine in which it is mounted and a structure which can be assembled with. comparative ease and emci'ency..

7 Another object. of the present: invention is the provision of a piston structure. wherein. the: entire inner mechanism of the piston, may be as sembled, connected to the connecting. rod and the. assembly inserted into the piston and. securely at" tached thereto 1 More specifically,. the presentinvention inecludes. means for circulating cooling oil from the lubricating system; of the engine against the inner surface of the piston head and wall and, spraying the oil into the interior oi the piston near itshead'and the maintaining of a predetermined quantity of oil in the piston, the sloshingv action of which during. operation of the piston facilitates the cooling of the piston.

With. these and other objects View, as may appear from the accompanying specification, the invention consists of various features of. construction and combination of parts, which will be first described in connection with the accompanying. drawings, showing a piston for internal combustion engines of a preferred form embodying the invention, and the features forming the invention will be specifically pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings:

Figure I is a longitudinal section through the piston. s

Figure 2 is a horizontal section through; the piston. taken on the line 22- of Figure E.

Figure 3a is a fragmentary horizontal section of the piston taken on the line 3a3a of Figure 1.

Figure 3b is a fragmentary horizontal section taken on the line 3b3b of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary side elevation of a spray plate used in the construction.

Figure 5 is a detail vertical section takenon the line 55 of Figure 2.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the improved piston structure is shown mounted in the cylinder in a cylinder sleeve l and is connected by means of the connecting rod 2 to the crank shaft 3 of an engine. The piston 4 includes the piston shell comprising the head 5 and skirt 6. The inner surface of the head 5 of the piston is provided with a plurality of spiral 2 grooves. 1 in: its inner surface which communi, cateeat the vertical axis: of the piston: and spiral outwardly therefrom. as clearly shown in Figure 3a of the drawings. A spray plate: & abuts: the inner'sufiaceaof theihead 5. forming a closure for theouter sides'of'the grooves. 1.. The spray plate 8- maybe. flexible so. that its flexibility will main-- tain it: in contact: with the piston: head. The spray p1ate;8- has a plurality or relatively small spaced peripheral openings: 9' formed thereinwhich have communication with the spiral grooves: 1 so that oil from the. lubricating system of the engine which flows through the spiral grooves: 1 will be sprayed through the peripheral openings 9 laterally against the inner walls of the shell of the piston 4.

The piston has an internal annular flange I0 formed therein intermediate its: ends against which the carrying attaching block Il' abuts. The block H is attached to the flange l ll by a plurality of bolts l2: and the entire internal structural elements of the piston are carried by the carrying attaching block III. A second internal; annular flange f3 is formed in the; skirt: of the piston l and its inner surface is finished and contacts a finished annular flange I4 onthe low-'- er end of the block" I i. The block I'l' isprovided with. an axial vertical opening M which receives the end of the connecting rod 2 therethrough and with a transversely extending-- opening I5 which receives therethrough thewrist pin i6 for connecting the connecting rod 2 to the block H and consequently to the piston t. The wrist pin; F6 floats in the block if so as to permit endwisemovement and permit the wrist pin to expand and contract under temperature variances without distorting the block II or piston skirt 6. Such longitudinal floating movement of the wrist pin I6 is limited by the abutments H. The connecting rod 2 has a passage l-8 therein through which oil from the lubricating system of the en gine flows to and through the passage l-9, annular passage [9'' and the passages 20 in the Wrist pinl6. After the oil flows into the hollow wrist pin i6 through the openings 20' it passes longitudinally there-from into the space 2! where it coolspart of this piston skirt 6;, and from thence through passages 22' in the block it into the inverted V-shaped conduit; 23 which has connection through a'suitable outlet 24 to the spiral grooves 1. The inverted V-shaped conduit 23 and outlet 24 are welded or otherwise suitably attached to a flange 25 which is attached to the block I I by suitable means. The spray plate 8 is attached to the outlet end '24. 011 from the lubricating system of the engine passes as previously stated through the wrist pin l6 and passages 22 and conduit 23 into the spiral grooves I where it circulates through the grooves to cool the head of the piston. From the outermost portions of the grooves l the oil spurts or sprays through the openings 9 against the inner wall of the piston near the head thereof and falls downward y into the portion of the piston above the flange Ill and block II. A weir 25' forms a part of the oil deflector 25 and extends upwardly into the piston a predetermined distance so as to maintain a predetermined level of oil in the piston which sloshes during the reciprocatory movement of the piston and facilitates its cooling. The quantity of oil retained in the piston by means of the weir 25 is ample to protect the piston from dangerous thermal stresses in the event of a sudden shutdown from operation under heavy load. Oil which flows over the weir 25' passes about the connecting rod 2 through the space 26 and downwardly through the piston where it returns to the oil sump (not shown) of the engine.

The provision of the block II and the flange I0 permits the entire assembly of the internal elements of the piston in a single unit exteriorly of the piston, after which the assembled elements are inserted through the open lower end of the piston into position and firmly attached therein by means of the bolts 12.

It will be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific construction or arrangement of parts shown, but that they may be widely modified within the invention defined by the claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a piston for internal combusion engines, a piston shell having a head formed thereon, said head provided with a plurality of spiral grooves in its inner surface, a spray plate over said grooves, means for delivering oil to said grooves, said spray plate having a plurality of peripheral openings communicating with said grooves whereby oil after passing through the spiral grooves will be sprayed in small streams against the inner wall of the shell.

2. In a piston for internal combustion engines, a piston shell having a head formed thereon, said head provided with a plurality of spiral grooves in its inner surface, a spray plate over said grooves, means for delivering oil to said grooves, said spray plate having a plurality of peripheral openings communicating with said grooves whereby oil after passing through the spiral grooves will be sprayed in small streams against the inner wall of the shell, and a weir in said piston for maintaining a predetermined level of oil therein.

3. In a piston for internal combustion engines, a piston shell having a head formed thereon, an annular flange extending into said shell intermediate its ends, a carrying and attaching block having a wrist pin receiving opening and a connecting rod receiving opening therein, said piston head having a plurality of spiral grooves in its inner surface, a spray plate over said grooves and provided with a pluralityof spaced peripheral openings communicating with said grooves, said block provided with oil passageways, and means carried by said block and communicating with said passageways for delivering oil to said spiral grooves whereby oil will be circulated through said grooves and sprayed into the piston shell.

4. In a piston for internal combustion engines, a piston shell having a head formed thereon, an annular flange extending into said shell intermediate its ends, a carrying and attaching block having a wrist pin receiving opening and a connecting rod receiving opening therein, said piston head having a plurality of spiral grooves in its inner surface, a spray plate over said grooves and provided with a plurality of spaced peripheral openings communicating with said grooves, said block provided with oil passageways, and means carried by said block and communicating with said passageways for delivering oil to said spiral grooves whereby oil will be circulated through said grooves and sprayed into the piston shell, and aweir carried by said block and ex tending upwardly into the piston above the block for maintaining a level of oil in the piston.

5. In a piston for internal combustion engines, a piston shell having a head formed thereon, an annular flange extending into said shell intermediate its ends, a carrying and attaching block having a wrist pin receiving opening and. a connecting rod receiving opening therein, said piston head having a plurality of spiral grooves in its inner surface, a spray plate over said grooves and provided with a plurality of spaced peripheral openings communicating with said grooves, said block provided with oil passageways, and means carried by said block and communicating with said passageways for delivering oil to said spiral grooves whereby oil will be circulated through said grooves and sprayed into the piston shell, a connecting rod, a floating wrist pin carried by said attaching block and connecting the connecting rod to the attaching block, whereby the connecting rod wrist pin block spray plate and oil conducting means may be assembled in one unit and inserted endwise into the piston through the inner end of said block engaging said flange, and bolts extending through said block and into the flange.

HARRY HALL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,942,887 Vanni Jan. 9, 1934 2,362,158 Ricardo Nov. '7, 1944 2,442,408 Grahm June 1, 1948 2,442,438 Robinson et al. June 1, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 53,412 Sweden June 16, 1923 75,602 Sweden Oct. 18, 1932 601,815 Germany Aug. 24, 1934 

